Andrew Jackson Essay - 1892 Words

Jackson was a protector of democracy for quot;Equal protection and equal benefitsquot; for all men. He wanted to be rid of any organization or institution promoting specific privilege to anyone. Jackson felt that over time, the offices of the federal system had grown mold to a uniform party. He proceeded to seek diversity amongst officers, and while he removed no more officials than Jefferson, he succeeded in diversifying the system. Since he believed that the power belonged to the people, Jackson instituted a new method for selecting presidential candidates. While previously there was held a Congressional Caucus, Jackson initiated a national nominating convention in order that the people might elect their candidates. Jackson responding†¦show more content†¦In the South, many people wanted to allow the Indians that were civilized, like the Cherokee, to remain on their land. The eventual result was the passage of the Removal Act, which provided the necessary funds for the relocation of Indians to the West. The Cherokee then found favor in their appeal to the Supreme Court (Marshall and Jackson were long time foes), however, Marshall didnt enforce the ruling, and the Cherokee were eventually dissolved due to Jacksons hatred. Some escaped to North Carolina, others took money to leave, and the remaining majority of all were forced from their homes [at bayonet point] to make a long quot;trek of tearsquot; to their new homes, west of the Mississippi. The Seminoles, however, were partially stubborn. Some left for relocation, while others joined escaped slaves to rise against the government. While unsuccessful, we never managed to totally relocate them. Jackson dismantles the Federal bank Seeing that the National Bank was a monopoly, Jackson set out to destroy it. Jackson was successful enough in winning people to his side of the issue that he forced the banks president, Biddle, to take measure. Biddle responded by winning over some of Jacksons followers along with certain influential people. Biddle applied for renewal of the charter for the bank four years early, and it passed Congress but was of course vetoed and deemed by Jackson to be quot;unconstitutional.quot; Congress was unable to override the veto, and so theShow MoreRelatedAndrew Jackson1431 Words   |  6 Pages Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United Stated of America, was born on March 15, 1767 and died on June 8, 1845 in Nashville, Tennessee. Jackson’s parents Andrew and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson were Presyberitains, Scots-Irish settlers whom in 1765 emigrated from Ireland. Andrew’s birthplace is deduced to have been at one of his uncles houses in the Waxhaw’s area between North Carolina and South Carolina, his exact whereabouts is unknown. Jacksons mother emigrated across the AppalachianRead MoreAndrew Jackson : The Age Of Jackson1376 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as â€Å"The Age of Jackson†, America was a country on its way to the West. America’s revolutionary generation was quickly fading, making room for a new balance of political power. As the class systems were breaking down, the â€Å"common man† was better able to cast his vote for the new President. Jackson was glorified by his impressive war accomplishments and humble background of the frontier. This made him the main target for presidency in election 1824. Once coming to power, Jackson no longer portrayedRead MoreThe Age Of Jackson By Andrew Jackson Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Age of Jackson† was a time when the high society aristocrats were threatened by the commoner. Jackson was a common man himself; orphaned as a boy, Jackson, rose to the top and became an admired general and commander in chief. Jackson affected the outlook on the class system, the method of electing our president, the spread of the spoils system, the fighting between the north and the south, the interactions between America and the Indians, and he helped lead our country to inflation. With Jackson’sRead MoreThe Life Of Andrew Jackson Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pages The Life of Andrew Jackson Michael J. Ford Jr. Central High School November 9, 2015 4th Period â€Æ' Abstract In my paper I while inform you of the United States 7th president Andrew Jackson. My paper consists of interesting facts about Mr. Jackson. It isn’t like what you read about in regular history books. Although some are random there fun facts that you may or may not know about my topic. The Life of Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was born Friday March 15, 1767. He was raised in WaxhawRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1090 Words   |  5 PagesAndrew Jackson America’s history is rich and full of countless heroes, scandals, and incredible stories. Perhaps one of the most interesting of those stories is that of Andrew Jackson’s. To some, he was a hero, but to others, he was their worst enemy. Being raised in the mountains of the Carolinas, he became the first â€Å"backcountry president† of the United States (Wilentz, 13). His fame, though, began years before his presidency. Jackson’s reputation was established during the War of 1812, namelyRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1365 Words   |  6 PagesConceived in time of poverty, Andrew Jackson had turned into a rich Tennessee lawyer. When the time came and the war broke out between Britain and the United States, his administration in that conflict earned Jackson national fame as a military legend. He would then go on to turn into America s most influential and polarizing political figure between the 1820s and 1830s. After barely losing to John Quincy Adams in the 1824 presidential race, Jackson returned four years after the fact to win reclamationRead More Andrew Jackson Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pages Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson, born in 1767 was a child of poor Scotch-Irish immigrants. He ended up with enough education to be qualified to practice law. Jackson’s father died before he was born. The Revolutionary War started soon after he was born. It was very bloody in the wild and poor country where they lived. Jackson at the age of 13, joined a regiment. He was captured by the British, was wounded and nearly killed by a sword to the face for not polishing a British officers boots. He andRead More Andrew Jackson Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pages Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, was born the Waxhaw territory, lying between North and South Carolina on March 15, 1767. Jackson was the third child of Scotch-Irish parents. His father died as the result of a logging accident just a few weeks before Andrew was born. Jacksons mother, Elizabeth Hutchison Jackson, was regarded as a very independent woman. After her husbands death, she raised her three sons at the home of one of her relatives. The Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1523 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767 to Scots-Irish colonists Andrew and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson in the mountains between North and South Carolina. Jackson was born into poverty and as a result received very little education growing up. When The British invaded the Carolinas around 1780, Jackson’s mother and two brothers were killed during the conflict and British soldiers took the young Andrew Jackson prisoner, leaving him with a lifelong hostility toward Great Britain. In 1781, JacksonRead More Andrew Jackson Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Jackson No one can argue that as a president, Jackson made no mistakes; however, they in no way disqualify him from having a place on the U.S. twenty dollar bill. Jackson made every decision according to the will of the American people, even the more unsavory ones. He was a war hero that exemplified the strength and tenacity by which America has defined itself over the generations. He acted in all ways with concern for the growth of the American nation, both at home and overseas. Even his

The State of Georgia The Empire State of the South Essay

The state of Georgia earned the nickname The Empire State of the South in the antebellum period largely because of its textile industry. From 1840 until 1890 the state consistently led the South in textile production, Antebellum towns including Macon, Milledgeville, Madison, and Greensboro experimented with steam-powered cotton factories, with varying degrees of success. The steam-powered factories in Madison and Greensboro went broke in the 1850s, while those in Milledgeville and Macon survived to serve the Confederacy. Macon Cotton Factory the leading manufacturing sector of the United States in the years before the Civil War. Georgias entrepreneurs began to experiment in factory-based industry between 1809 and 1820, but they†¦show more content†¦William Schley and by 1840 the state could boast fourteen cotton factories containing at least 16,635 spindles and involving a capitalization of more than $500,000. Georgias textile industry seemed capable of endless expansion, with large profits for all who invested. In 1844 the Athens Manufacturing Company declared a 24 percent dividend on its stock, and Henry Merrell, the factory manager at the newly constructed Curtwright Factory in Greene County, expected to make similar profits for the foreseeable future. The very successes of Georgias industrialization set forces in motion that destroyed the reputation of its antebellum textile industry. Investors who were disappointed with the returns on their railroad stock during the long depression of the late 1830s to mid-1840s turned toward cotton factories. The state legislature encouraged additional factory construction in 1847 by making incorporation for a factory much easier than for any other company. Accordingly, the number of cotton and wool factories in Georgia grew from fourteen to thirty-five between 1844 and 1849. But the census counts frequently omitted factories that were temporarily inoperative or under construction, and the number continued to increase. In 1851 localShow MoreRelatedThe Culture of the State of Georgia, A Paragraph695 Words   |  3 PagesHave you ever wanted to visit a state with beautiful mountains and waterfalls? If so Georgia is a great state to visit,because its known for it’s beautiful Appalachian Mo untains. It also has beautiful waterfalls on the mountains. In this paragraph, it tells about the culture of Georgia. The first people that stepped on Georgias land stepped on it about 10,000 years ago. Georgia is located along the Atlantic Ocean and is Southeastern in the United States.Georgia is roughly about 57,906 squareRead MoreAbout Georgia Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesGeorgia was admitted as a state in 1788 and was one of the Confederate States of America. It was once primarily a farm state, producing large amounts of cotton, but has since become a major manufacturing and service industry state. Georgia is named for George II of England. It is bordered by Tennessee, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Florida. The population of the state is estimated at about 8,186,453. Caucasian people make up about 71% of Georgias population, while African-AmericansRead MoreGeorgia Essay1542 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Georgia, the Peach State, the Empire of the South, the 13th colony born to be a place of refugee are all ways we can know the state of Georgia. Where Georgia and what is the state of Georgia. These two questions can be easily answered by reading my essay about Georgia. So, let’s go into the land of free and the home of brave. History Georgia was the first of 10 states to vote against ratification ofRead MoreWhat Does Sequoyah s Life Story Tell You About Him And The Cherokee People? Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesQuestions 4. Why is Worchester v. Georgia an important case? The Worchester v. Georgia is an important case because, President Jackson violated the court but, the Cherokee people still got the right to have their original land This is commonly specified in disputes of human rights now in modern times 5. What was John Marshall’s position in Worchester v. Georgia? He thought that the Cherokee people should be a prominent body. He also wanted the Georgia state laws not to control it. ChapterRead MoreDevoplement of the United States Within the Time Periods 1700-18001722 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States in the period 1700-1800 The purpose of this essay is to explain the historical development of the Thirteen colonies in the time period 1700-1800. It will be shown that the development of the colonies of the south and north differed in this time period. As the colonies developed, the need for independence grew leading to the Revolutionary war in 1776. Slavery was very diverse. In the south slavery was separated into two subcultures: the upper south and lower south. Slavery,Read MoreShermans March Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesSherman’s March The March through Georgia and South Carolina, lead by General William Techumseh Sherman, was the turning point in the American Civil War. There had been heavy fighting in Tennessee and Kentucky. General Sherman requested permission to take a very large army to the Atlantic Ocean through North and South Carolina, Georgia, then turning North back through the Carolinas and then Virginia. He would divide the Confederate states by blazing a path through the middle of them, foragingRead MoreAmerican History: The Development of the Ironwork Industry in Alabama1088 Words   |  5 Pagesin history. However, many American history textbooks avoid the topic of widespread manufacturing industries in the south, and their simultaneous development with the much more powerful agricultural industry. Set in the Deep South, the state of Alabama cultured an ever growing ironworks industry that manufactured items spanning from farming tools to railroad tracks. In addition, Georgia, which is still famed for their agricultural industry though their famous peaches, supported and developed a textileRead MoreEffects of The Yazoo Land Sale Scandal862 Words   |  3 Pagesestablished states were met with a set of unique challenges. One of the challenges Georgia encountered was settling an international land dispute with Spain. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris formally ended the Revolutionary War and Spain was given back their Florida territory. However, Spain had also asserted ownership of land east of the Mississippi and North of the Yazoo River which Georgia had also claimed. Georgia was left to settle this international land dispute on their own. Georgia’ solution toRead MoreColonization and Conflict in the South, 1600-1750 Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesConflict in the South, 1600-1750 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Instead of becoming havens for the English poor and unemployed, or models of interracial harmony, the southern colonies of seventeenth-century North America were weakened by disease, wracked by recurring conflicts with Native Americans, and disrupted by profit-hungry planters’ exploitation of poor whites and blacks alike. Many of the tragedies of Spanish colonization and England’s conquest of Ireland were repeated in the American South and the BritishRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan And The Civil Rights Movement1411 Words   |  6 Pagessouthern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican party’s reconstruction-era polices aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. Its members waged an unseen war of intimidation and violence directed at white and black republican leaders. Through congress passed legislation designed to stop and contain Klan terrorism, the organization saw its primary goal fulfilled through d emocratic victories in state legislatures across the south in the

AS Music Baroque Ensemble Music Free Essays

Music History Project 4: Baroque ensemble music: 1. What is meant by rounded form? Discuss its origins and main sections. Why was repetition so important for Baroque composers? Rounded form is where the opening passage in the tonic key keeps coming back around, the most common pattern generally being ABACA. We will write a custom essay sample on AS Music: Baroque Ensemble Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now The A section is called the refrain or rounded and the non-A passages are called episodes or couplets. The rounded form originated in France, and was first the name of a medieval song with a repeating pattern. Later composers n the Classical era preferred to use the Italian spelling of the word, rondo. Repetition in Baroque music was important for composers and audiences, because composers of the Baroque era often wrote vast amounts of music as part of their employment, so were almost forced to adopt such time saving methods. Audiences of the Baroque era also were not able to fast forward, rewind or replay parts of music like we can today, so repetition allowed the audience to stay on track, and not lose the plot of the piece. 2. The binary form in Baroque music: describe the structure and comment on analogy as would occur in the different sections: A vast amount of Baroque pieces, especially ones based on dances, are in binary form, which is music where there are two distinctly separate sections, each usually repeated. The letters ABA are often used to describe binary form in music. The two sections might be similar in length, or the second might be longer than the first. In binary form, section A usually begins in the tonic key, and then ends in another key, often the dominant, or if the starting key is minor, for instance, section A might end in its relative major. Section B, however, usually goes through keys not previously heard in the piece, and then ends in the tonic key. 3. Compare and contrast Baroque instrumental music with that of the Renaissance : Instrumental music was much more important and plentiful in the Baroque period than it had previously been, when the majority of music was vocal. The improved instrument technology helped, and allowed and encouraged composers to develop genuinely instrumental ways of writing. Much of the Renaissance period music was written for voices only, and some Renaissance style music for instruments is very vocal in its character. The more vocal styles of Renaissance music, contrasting with the instrumental music of the Baroque period is the main difference between the two. 4. In paragraphs of approximately 75 words summaries information on the following Baroque instrumental families: Strings Woodwind Brass Keyboard Strings: The first Violins, Violas and Cellos were made in Italy in the late 16th century. For some time, these instruments, called the Violin family, were used alongside instruments from the Viol family, but gradually overtook them in popularity. The Baroque bow was straight or arch shaped rather than inward curving as today, the ridge was marginally lower, and its curve shallower, which in turn made multiple stopping easier. The neck bent back at a slightly larger angle, and with the lower bridge, therefore put the strings at a lower tension, making the sound less powerful. Woodwind: Recorders were heavily used throughout the Baroque period, the most commonly used type being f alto (treble). Recorders fell out of use after the Baroque period, coming back into use in the late 20th century. Baroque flutes were normally made out of wood, with finger holes and Just one key for a hard to reach bass note. The done flutes lacked some of the sound quality of modern metal ones; they could not reach such high notes, and were held sideways. Oboe players produced sound, the same as they still do to this day, by blowing between two reeds. The Baroque oboe developed from the Shawn, a more powerful, even harsh instrument, which was often played outdoors. In some Baroque pieces, oboes doubled (played the same parts as) violins, but they sometimes had solo roles. Brass: Trumpets in Baroque music were often connected with royal and military ceremonies, and were therefore regarded as a special instrument. They had no valves, so different notes were played by the musician using different lip pressures. Early brass instruments without valves are called ‘natural’. Trombones were largely favored in Venice in the early sass’s, mainly in ceremonial music for performance in church. Baroque trombones were less powerful than modern ones, so could therefore be better combined with softer instruments. To distinguish modern from Baroque instruments, the latter are mainly known as ‘sackbuts’, or ‘sackbuts’. Horns are found in some later Baroque pieces, including Bach’s Brandenburg concerto No. , which includes a horn called corn dad acacia, (Italian for ‘hunting horn’). The corona dad acacia shared the rounded shape of the modern horn, but lacked valves and had a lighter, brighter sound, and was often used in high pitched sections of pieces. Keyboard: Harpsichords are keyboard instruments which have strings that are mechanically plucked when the keys are pressed. Harpsichords from the Baroque period vary in tone and construction from country to country. Clavichords are keyboard instruments that have strings which are hit by tangents’ when the keys, which have a seesaw like action, are pressed. In the Baroque period, Clavichords were used mainly in Germany. They had a quiet sound, which therefore made them inappropriate for use at big public concerts, but ideal for making music at home. Unlike Harpsichords, Clavichords were touch sensitive, and in this way, along with the hammer sound production, they were like modern pianos. Organs varied vastly in their size, construction and tone. German organs commonly had two or more manuals and pedals. English organs, on the other hand, normally had no pedals and rarely more than one manual. 5. What is meant by ‘retooling? Retooling form is the form that many late Baroque pieces, especially those from concertos, are in. The form is similar to Rounded, but more sophisticated. An opening passage is heard on two or more occasions throughout the piece, but not always necessarily in full, with other passages in between. These so called ‘in between’ passages, sometimes a lot longer than the riotousness, are called ‘episodes’ and are often for fewer instruments. A retooling can also be an instrumental passage within a vocal piece. . Describe briefly the structure off typical Baroque suite: There is no axed pattern of movement in Baroque suites, but later examples included the following dances, in this order: Allemande: usually moderate speed or fairly slow, in 4/4 time, with a short upbeat and plenty of gentle semiquaver movement. Current: quick or fairly q uick, in 3/4 or 3/2 Serenade: slow triple time, usually 3/4, often with the second beat of the bar emphasizes. Segue; quick and lively, usually in a compound time such as 12/8 7. Explain how Baroque composers would expand on the dances that would appear in a suite. What changes would they bring into their music? Dances are generally in binary form, but composers sometimes extended their work in one of the following ways: Two dances of the same kind (both binary) appear in the order first dance, second dance, first dance repeated, producing a kind of ternary (ABA) structure. Two versions of a single dance are given, the first ‘plain’, the second with much more ornamentation added. Some modern performers play the plain dance complete, with both sections repeated and then the double similarly. Baroque composers may have sometimes played either the plain dance or the double, not both. How to cite AS Music: Baroque Ensemble Music, Papers

Managerial Skills of Toyota-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management and Managerial Skills of Toyota. Answer: Introduction: Strategic management and plays crucial role in the development of any business organization. In this competitive era, where all the business organization is incorporating best practices to battle against the rival companies and earn the desired target in the society, strategic management and works as strength of the business organization that enhances the competitive advantage of the companies(Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the renowned automotive manufacturer that has put a strong impact on the on the car industry by its innovative practices. The journey of Toyota has been started in 1937. The organization covers a huge market share. Toyota has brought revolution in the motor vehicle industry by introducing hybrid electric vehicles. As per the report, Toyota earns 28.40 trillion revenue per year by providing its service worldwide. The organization has not only set an example in front of the world by its profit margin, but it has become a pioneer i n terms of strategic management and (Chiarini Vagnoni, 2015). The organization has adopted a unique style of leadership that has led the organization to achieve the desired position in the local as well as global automotive industry. This innovative management style of Toyota leaders has distinguished it from the other business organization. Toyota is considered as one of the pioneer of strategic management. The leaders of Toyota has left no stone unturned to maintain healthy environment within the organization. They pay close attention to their relation with the stakeholders (toyota-global.com, 2017). The following article has concentrated on the strategic management and managerial skills of Toyota. It has enlightened all the practices of Toyota management that influences the growth of the organization. The objective of the article is to provide a vivid picture of the organizational structure of Toyota. Analysis: Strategic management is considered as one of the key success factors of the business organization. It has been argued that it consists of three major stages that plays crucial role in the growth of any business organization, such as- strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation (Rothaermel, 2015). Strategy formulation is considered as the primary stage of strategic management. In this stage, the management team of the business organization forms suitable strategies for the organization. This stage plays crucial role in the development of the organization. Leaders need to consider all the aspects of the business organization while constructing the organizational strategies (Harrison John, 2013). Otherwise, it may lead the organization towards the wrong direction. Before making any strategy, it is important to analyse the situation of the organization and conduct market research. It will be beneficial to construct a suitable set of norms for the organization that can support organizational growth. The second stage of the strategic management is to implement the formulated strategies within the organizational structure. While implementing strategies, the management of the business organization needs to make sure that all organizational members are aware of the newly constructed strategies and they are willing to adopt these strategies. In order to achieve the goal, the organizational management needs to maintain healthy and interactive relation with all the internal and external stakeholders. They need to provide a transparent idea about the organizational strategy and the objective of the management to incorporate such strategies. It will be helpful for the members to adopt these strategies(Morden, 2016). The last and final stage of the strategic management is to evaluate the consequence to implement these strategies. This stage plays crucial role in the development of the organization as it helps the organizational management to identify the loopholes in the strategy and responsible areas of the management where they need to put more efforts to strengthen their organizational structure. It helps the organizational management to monitor the development of the organization. Management must scrutinize the profit margin, sales rate and market demand of the organization to evaluate the impact of the strategy(Chen, Delmas, Lieberman, 2015). These three key stages lead any business organization to make a strong remark in the industry. Management department of any organization are mainly responsible to perform this role. The success of the business organization is highly relied on the efficiency of the managerial department of the company(Frynas Mellahi, 2015). The competitive nature of the market has been drastically increased since past few years due to arrival of many rival companies. It has become difficult for any business organization to survive in this competitive era. Hence, it is mandatory for the managerial department of the business organization to perform their role in an appropriate manner to stimulate the function of the organization. They need to pay close attention to the requirement of the organization while making the organizational strategy. Strategic management focuses on the holistic growth of the organization (Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014). Thus, it is important for the leaders of business companies to concentrate on the overall organizational structure instead of a specific section. They need to perform versatile role to support the growth of the organization. It has been argued that strategic management is the set of initiative that has been mainly taken by the management of the organization on the behalf of the authority and it provides right direction to the organization (Kotler, Berger, Bickhoff, 2016). Thus, it can be stated that success of strategic management is highly dependent on the effectiveness and strengths of the higher management of the business organization. As opined by Michael Porter, the managerial department needs to focus on three basic principles, such as- creating unique and innovative strategies, managing the quality of the organizational strategy and fit in the market trend by managing the organizational activity (Stead Stead, 2013). These are the key words of success in recent time for any business organization. It is important for the business organization to adopt unique strategies that can distinguish it from the rival companies and helpful to survive in the competition. Thus, managerial department must be aware of these factors while making any strategy to carry out any business venture. As claimed by Porter, business organizations must manage their activities to fit in the market trend. The scenario of the market is transforming day by day. Thus, it is important for the business organizations to design their structure as per the market structure. Otherwise, it may face deadly consequence in coming future (Peppers Rogers, 2016). According to reports, strategic management involves the analysis of the external and internal environment (Jenkins Williamson, 2015). Both environment plays key role in the success of the organization. It is managements responsibility to gather all the relevant information about the external and internal environment of the organization while making the organizational strategy. Otherwise, the organization may face various issues in near future. There are various tools that are used by the organizational management to evaluate the internal and external analysis. It is highly beneficial for the organization to earn the desired position in the industry. Otherwise, the high competitive nature of the market may challenge the existence of the business organization and it may fails to achieve the desired position in the industry (Tallman Koza, 2016). In this scenario, it can be stated that Toyota management has tried to follow all the aspects of strategic management in an appropriate manner. The organization is run by a team of skilled and experienced leaders that preserve quality experience in the respective field. They plays key role in the development of Toyota. They have a clear idea about the organizational objective and they design the organizational structure accordingly. Being a largest producer of the automobile, Toyota has set an expectation level among its consumers. It is important for the management of Toyota to meet the expectation level of the loyal consumers to earn the long-term organizational goal by incorporating efficient strategies. Managerial department stay close to the requirement and preference of the target market and they ensure that the organization and its members are performing in an appropriate manner by adopting the strategies formulated by them. The organizational management always try to incorpor ate some unique strategies within the organizational rulebook that will be helpful to beat the rival business organizations (Smith, 2014). There are some key features of Toyota that reflects the effectiveness of strategic management of the organization, such as- Toyota management always maintains a strong supply chain management. They maintain an interactive relation with all the members of the supply chain. Being a renowned global automobile company, Toyota needs to maintain a huge supply chain, as the management is aware of the fact that it is impossible to provide quality service to the large number of consumers without strong and effective supply chain management. They stay close to their raw material suppliers and distributors and provide them a transparent idea about the requirement and demand of the consumers (Kaynak, Mockler, Dologite, 2014). It is often evident that the management of Toyota takes some innovative initiatives that lead the organization to the next level of success. In 197, Toyota was the first automobile company that has started manufacturing small and fuel-efficient cars which has drawn the attention of the large number of target consumers. As the price of the fuel has been fuelled since past few years, such cars have become the desired cars for the buyers. In recent time, the organization has started producing electric cars that will be beneficial to fight against the global warming and other forms of environmental pollution (Ruff, 2015). The management always maintains healthy environment within the organization. Toyota always maintains a culture and values within the organization. The values and ethics of Toyota are considered as the main resource of the organization that stimulates the growth of the organization. The organizational management of Toyota follows some key principles to run the organization, such as- unique, teamwork, respect. Toyota authority maintains healthy and peaceful environment within the organization to ensure a bright future. Internal stakeholders of the organization are considered as one of the weapon of the organization. Toyota management tries to maintain healthy relation with them to support the growth of their performance, as they are aware of the fact that efficient performance of the employees can brighten up the brand image of the organization (Pisano, 2016). There are some policies that are followed by the higher management of Toyota, such as- management must take decision on the basis of the long-term goal of the organization, problems must be highlighted by the members of the organization and must be resolved on the priority basis, innovative and trustworthy technologies must be adopted by the organization that will support the growth of employees performance, management must focus on all the aspects of the organization while making any decision and must consider the organizational goal, workers must be able to take up new challenges, as it will be helpful for their performance development (Percy Elliott, 2016). Toyota is known for its lean management where employees are influenced and motivated to bring changes in the system of the organization. They take active part in the organizational decision-making process and they are being empowered to lead the organization to the leading position(Melander, et al., 2016). Toyota has adopted some innovative policies to maintain healthy relation with the employees. Being one of the leading business organization, Toyota possesses a large workforce with 25000 employees. Although, it is not possible for the employers to address each of their employees every time, they have made some innovative policies to provide support to their employees. Toyota always stands by the side of their employees when they require the support of their employers. They have included some flexible and transparent strategies that can be helpful for the employees. It helps the organization to retain their employee for a long period of time and it puts a great impact on the organizational performance. This is one of the major reasons for the success of the organization (Schmidt Farkas, 2016). As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that all the theoretical concepts discussed previously are incorporated in the organizational structure. These concepts have greatly influenced the managerial skills of the Toyota management. The management has followed three crucial stages of the strategic management. They often conduct market research and environmental analysis while constructing organizational strategy. It provides a vivid idea to them about the condition of the market and highlights the areas where they need to put extra effort to strengthen the organizational structure. By analysing the situation, management implement some innovative strategies that can influence organizational function, such as- lean management, electric cars and so on. While making these strategies the management always encourage their external and internal stakeholders to participate in the organizational decision making process. It motivates their stakeholders to adopt the organizational strat egies and policies in an appropriate manner and work as a team to earn the desired position in the society. It is the primary reason for the success of Toyota. By such innovative and unique practices, the organization has secured the highest position in the automotive industry (Chowdhury, 2014). Recommendations: Although, the management of Toyota has left no stone unturned to provide quality service to the consumers and enlighten the brand image of the organization, there are some loopholes in the organizational structure of Toyota that can be harmful for the reputation of the organization and may restrict the growth. It has been evident in recent time, that the organization has faced various challenges due to the lack of efficiency of the crisis management team of the organization (Yan, Choi, Kim, Yang, 2015). Being a leading name in the business world, Toyota needs to pay close attention to the performance of the crisis management team. It is the responsibility off the higher management of the Toyota to make sure that all the members of Crisis management is performing appropriately and providing adequate support to the organization. The crisis management team must be alert 24*7 to save the organization and its reputation from any kind of crisis. The organizational management must appoint some experienced and efficient members who can serve the organization with their quality performance. They must be aware of their role and responsibility towards the organization and they must be committed to their job. Otherwise, they will not be able to provide sufficient support to their organization. In recent time, it has been evident, that the production of the car has faced several challenges in Toyota. The motor of Toyota has recently failed in the test, which leads the organization to face a massive crisis recently. Thus, the organization must recruit some experienced and skilled engineers who can boost up the manufacturing process of the organization. Engineers who preserve quality experience in the field can save the organization to face such disasters. As per the report, in many cases the organizational management of Toyota refuses to take responsibility and blame their internal stakeholders (Lu, Au, Peng, Xu, 2013). Such practices must be avoided. The organizational management must be aware of the fact that it is important to maintain the trust of the internal and external stakeholders. They must take the responsibility when required. The organizational management of Toyota must invest heavily to rectify their loopholes on an immediate basis. Otherwise, it can be harmful for the growth of the organization. Problems need to be resolved as early as possible. They must appoint skilled employees and adopt efficient techniques to avoid any problems that will be harmful for the growth of the organization. The organizational management need to maintain healthy relation with the suppliers. They must use modern communication tools to maintain regular interaction with the suppliers and distributors. It will be helpful for the organization to provide clear idea about the requirement and preference of the consumers. At the same time, it will help the organization to provide uninterrupted service to the consumers and survive in the competition. Leaders of Toyota must be aware of their role and responsibility towards the organization. They must play their role in an appropriate manner. It is their responsibility to look after all the aspects of the organization and resolve all the issues that can destroy the reputation among the target market of Toyota. It is often evident that organization is facing several challenges due to the negligence of the leaders of the organization. Thus, leaders must be committed towards their role and responsibility and they must be aware of the organizational objective and vision mission while making any strategies for the growth of the organization. Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that Toyota has set an example for other business organization by following the path of the strategic management. They follow all the relevant concept of the organizational strategic management. The managerial department of the organization maintains conduct various market researches to design their organizational structure. They analyse their external and internal environment to make sure that the strategies have been adopted by the management are suitable to support the growth of the organization. The leaders of Toyota follow the three crucial stages while constructing organizational strategy. Therefore, they follow the path of innovation while making any strategy. Such practices are considered as the key success factor of the organization. It has led the organization to adopt innovative initiatives, such as lean management, innovation of modern and efficient products and so on. Due to such efficient managerial skills of the leaders , the organization has brought revolutionary changes in the world of automobile and successfully carried out many unique business ventures. Although, the organizational structure of Toyota has been designed in a unique manner, there are some loopholes that can be harmful for the reputation of the organization, such as- lack of sense of responsibility among the leaders, lack of efficiency among the crisis management team, lack of skilled and experienced engineers, lack of investment to rectify the mistakes and lack of efficiency among the employees and so on. These factors have become one of the major concerned of Toyota authority. Thus, the organizational management must consider the facts while designing their organizational structure in order to earn the desired position in the industry. In this competitive era, it is essential for the management of the organization to enhance its competitive advantage by adopting such practices. Otherwise, it will be difficult for them to survive References: Chen, C. M., Delmas, M. A., Lieberman, M. B. (2015). Production frontier methodologies and efficiency as a performance measure in strategic management research.Strategic Management Journal,36(1), 19-36. Chiarini, A., Vagnoni, E. (2015). World-class manufacturing by Fiat. Comparison with Toyota production system from a strategic management, management accounting, operations management and performance measurement dimension.International Journal of Production Research,53(2), 590-606. Chowdhury, S. D. (2014). Strategic roads that diverge or converge: GM and Toyota in the battle for the top.Business Horizons,57(1), 127-136. Frynas, J. G., Mellahi, K. (2015).Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA. Harrison, J. S., John, C. H. S. (2013).Foundations in strategic management. Cengage Learning. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hubbard, G., Rice, J., Galvin, P. (2014).Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Jenkins, W., Williamson, D. (2015).Strategic management and business analysis. Routledge. Kaynak, E., Mockler, R., Dologite, D. G. (2014).Multinational strategic management: an integrative entrepreneurial context-specific process. Routledge. Kotler, P., Berger, R., Bickhoff, N. (2016).The quintessence of strategic management: What you really need to know to survive in business. Springer. Lu, Y., Au, K., Peng, M. W., Xu, E. (2013). Strategic management in private and family businesses. Melander, A., Melander, A., Lfving, M., Lfving, M., Andersson, D., Andersson, D., ... Thulin, M. (2016). Introducing the Hoshin Kanri strategic management system in manufacturing SMEs.Management Decision,54(10), 2507-2523. Morden, T. (2016).Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Peppers, D., Rogers, M. (2016).Managing Customer Experience and Relationships: A Strategic Framework. John Wiley Sons. Percy, L., Elliott, R. H. (2016).Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Pisano, G. P. (2016). Towards a Prescriptive Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategic Choice, Learning, and Competition. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Ruff, F. (2015). The advanced role of corporate foresight in innovation and strategic managementReflections on practical experiences from the automotive industry.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,101, 37-48. Schmidt, C. R., Farkas, F. (2016). The Profitability Puzzle: Integrating Sales and Product Development Improves Managements Ability to Control Future Profitability.STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT,21(4), 3-11. Smith, W. K. (2014). Dynamic decision making: A model of senior leaders managing strategic paradoxes.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), 1592-1623. Stead, J. G., Stead, W. E. (2013).Sustainable strategic management. ME Sharpe. Tallman, S., Koza, M. P. (2016). Strategic Animation and Emergent Processes: Managing for Efficiency and Innovation in Globally Networked Organizations. InPerspectives on Headquarters-subsidiary Relationships in the Contemporary MNC(pp. 59-85). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. toyota-global.com. (2017).toyota-global.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://www.toyota-global.com Yan, T., Choi, T. Y., Kim, Y., Yang, Y. (2015). A theory of the nexus supplier: A critical supplier from a network perspective.Journal of Supply Chain Management,51(1), 52-66

Life of Polar Bears

The polar bear is a native of bear found within the Arctic Circle that encompass the Arctic Ocean at the North Pole and the adjacent land. According to the observation of many scientists, this type of animals must have evolved from the ancestors of the brown bear. Polar bears are carnivorous, meaning that they are meat-eaters. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Life of Polar Bears specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their most common food includes bearded seals, ringed seals and walrus pups. As a matter of fact, these creatures are reputed to be the largest meat eating animals worldwide. And alongside the omnivorous Kodiak, they are the largest in the bear family, measuring almost the same. On average, male polar bears are estimated to weigh between 770-1,500 lb, while females range almost half the males in size. According to Stirling and Archibald, owing to their unique body features and characteristics, po lar bears have successfully adapted to living close to Northern Hemisphere’s farthest tip (127). Current, polar bears are distributed in five regions, that include: Greenland (Denmark), Norway, Canada, Russia, and Alaska in the US. These animals are covered with heavy fur allover the body, a unique feature that enables them to survive in extremely cold temperatures. Their fur constitutes of hollow guard hairs to avoid it from matting down while swimming in waters. The color of the fur would vary from pure white to something close to a yellow hue. The white fur is beneficial to the animals, considering the fact that they normally spent most of their time on the snow hunting for their prey. This plays a significant purpose in helping them avoid detection by their prey. This also serves as a key adaptation feature which makes the bears, and especially the cubs, less vulnerable to predator attacks (Derocher 168). However, apart from their fur being pure white, their skin is actu ally black and this is another distinguishing feature which enables polar bears to absorb much heat from the sun into their bodies. The habitant for polar bears would include both the sea ice and the land. Polar bears have very large fore paws with a diameter of about 12 inches and just like any other sea creature, their toes are webbed to enable them propel rapidly through the water. Polar bears are observed to possess poor eyesight, but their excellent ability to smell is applied to compromise their sight disadvantage, thus enabling them to survive well in their habitats (Atkinson and Stirling 231). The animals communicate with each other through sounds and body language. Other things which add up to their diet include vegetation, sea birds and their eggs and beach-cast carrion, among other food stuffs in the arctic. Advertising Looking for research paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, one surprising f act with these animals is that, despite them living in water, they don’t drink water. Liquids needed for their normal body functioning is attained from what they consume as food. Normally, a female bear gives birth to two tiny cubs at a time. The cubs are usually attached to their mother for a period of two to three years, before they become independent and start hunting for themselves. Usually, polar bears would be solitary except in some cases such as when they are mating. Another distinguishing characteristic associated with polar bears is that, they are intelligent and even curious by nature. This is evident in their habit to courageously approach and try to investigate ships and vehicles that tend to pass near them. Polar bears would feel endangered when provoked and this can lead to possible attacks to humans who may happen to cross their way. This however, would be expected, especially with bear mothers who may tend to become aggressive in an attempt to defend her you ng ones. Usually, the life span of a wild polar bear is estimated to be 20 years. It may not be easy to know the exact number of polar in the world, owing to their existence in several regions. However, according to recent information about polar bears, their population is estimated to be below 25,000 worldwide. The world count of these creatures is highly endangered and is likely to drop greatly in the near future, leading to a possible extinct of these endangered creatures. It is observed that, the decreasing population of polar bars has been caused by a number of factors such as the loss of habitat by humans, regular climatic changes, and constant environmental pollution which has been extended to their ecosystems. According to Derocher, these creatures are likely to face extinction by 2100, if efforts are not taken to preserve their conservation (172). The heightening issue of global issue remains to be the biggest threat of polar bears today (Derocher 243). Changes in the glo bal temperatures are responsible for changing the creatures’ habitat, their behavior, their food, and also their life span. As it would be observed, ice platforms are constantly melting as a result of the heightening atmospheric temperatures. In this case, the life of polar bears, ranging from feeding to breeding is highly threatened, thus indicating a possibility of real extinction of the polar bear.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Life of Polar Bears specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Atkinson, Shannon and Stirling, Ian. Growth in early life and relative body size among adult polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Journal of Zoology 239. 2 (2006): 225—234. Derocher, Andrew. Polar bears in a warming climate. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44. 2 (2004): 163-176. Print. Derocher, Andrew. Possible impacts of climatic warming on polar bears. Arctic 7. 12 (2003): 240-245. Print. Stirli ng, Ian. and Archibald, Ralph. Aspects of predation of seals by polar bears. Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada 34. 8 (1997): 126-129. Print. This research paper on Life of Polar Bears was written and submitted by user Jonathon Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Crying Victims Children Of The Imprisoned Mothers Social Work Essay Essays

Crying Victims Children Of The Imprisoned Mothers Social Work Essay Essays Crying Victims Children Of The Imprisoned Mothers Social Work Essay Essay Crying Victims Children Of The Imprisoned Mothers Social Work Essay Essay the chief purpose of moralss in research is to guarantee that research is non used for harmful or evil intents and that no injury comes to anyone while research is carried out. Even though this research is based on secondary research where a thorough literature reexamine shall be done, the research worker commits to the usage these rules: beneficence, regard for individuals and honestness by doing certain that all names are anonymised throughout the research. Honesty is of import when transporting out research. Therefore, she needs to guarantee that all information read remains indifferent and non-judgemental and that anything that would do injury to anyone must be avoided. Furthermore, informed consent should be sought when transporting out any research as it refers to the participants voluntarily holding to take part in research, holding well understood what the research involves ( Haralambos A ; Holborn, 2008 ) . However, since this research will do usage of secondary research methods, informed consent is non needed to finish this research. In add-on, because there are kids involved ; to interview them requires informed consent from their parents which might be hard because of the sensitive issue, confidentiality related to this subject and the protection of these kids as some of them are already affected by the imprisonment of their female parents. Key words Chapter 3 Literature Review The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( UNCRC ) declares that the kid, by ground of his physical and mental immatureness, needs particular precautions and attention, including appropriate legal protection, before every bit good as after birth , Article 2.2 further inside informations, States Parties shall take all appropriate steps to guarantee that the kid is protected against all signifiers of favoritism or penalty on the footing of the position, activities, expressed sentiments, or beliefs of the kid s parents, legal defenders, or household members. The Children Act 1989 covers the followers: reforms the jurisprudence associating to kids ; makes proviso for local authorization services for kids in demand and others ; amends the jurisprudence with regard to kids s places, community place, voluntary places and voluntary organisations ; makes proviso with regard to fosterage, kid minding and twenty-four hours attention for immature kids and acceptance and for affiliated intents. ( DfEs Children Act and Reports, 1989 ; 2004 ) . This act is farther polished with Children Act 2004 and provides a wider scheme for bettering kids s lives. The overall purpose is to promote incorporate planning, commissioning and bringing of services every bit good as better multi-disciplinary working, take duplicate, addition answerability and better the coordination of single and joint reviews in local governments. : ( DfEs Children Act and Reports, 1989 ; 2004 ) . The Green Paper, Every Child Matters, outlines the Government s proposals for reforming the bringing of services for kids, immature people and households. It improves on what has already been set out to guarantee the protection of kids at hazard of injury and disregard from negative results and back up all kids in optimising all their endowments and potencies. In the papers for Every Child Matters, Working Together to Safeguard Children ( HM Government, 2006 ) , of import definitions on some concepts on manus were given which included the population of kids of captive female parents who are left to either fend for themselves or be in the detention of authorised defenders: In the Children Acts 1989 and 2004, a kid is anyone who has non yet reached their eighteenth birthday. Children therefore means children and immature people throughout. The fact that a kid has reached 16 old ages of age, is populating independently or is in farther instruction, is a member of the armed forces, is in infirmary, in prison or in a Young Offenders Institution, does non alter his or her position or entitlement to services or protection under the Children Act 1989. ( HM Government, 2006, p.34 ) Safeguarding and advancing the public assistance of kids is defined as protecting kids from ill-treatment ; forestalling damage of kids s wellness or development and guaranting that kids are turning up in fortunes consistent with the proviso of safe and effectual attention ( HM Government, pp. 34-35 ) Child protection is a portion of safeguarding and advancing public assistance. This refers to the activity that is undertaken to protect specific kids who are enduring, or are at hazard of agony, important injury ( HM Government, p. 35 ) . Many bureaus are after safeguarding and advancing the public assistance of kids. Every Child Matters defines such as: protecting kids from ill-treatment ; forestalling damage of kids s wellness or development ; guaranting that kids are turning up in fortunes consistent with the proviso of safe and effectual attention ; and set abouting that function so as to enable those kids to hold optimal life opportunities and to come in maturity successfully. ( HM Government, 2007, p.11 ) General Consequences of Imprisonment of Parents When a parent goes to prison, there are several possible effects on the kids. Bernstein ( 2005 ) enumerates post-traumatic emphasis upset, anxiousness, jobs with attending or concentration, alteration in kiping forms, changeless flashbacks of the apprehension, hovering corsets between different health professionals, school jobs and poorness. If these kids do non acquire the appropriate support they need, so the enormous grade left on them by the imprisonment of their parent can acquire worse, making more harm and doing it more hard for them to acquire by ( Robertson, 2007 ) . Simmons ( 2003 ) explains that the long-run impact is more serious if it is the female parent, alternatively of the male parent who is arrested. The break in the kids s lives is higher particularly since she is most likely the primary or even exclusive carer. The kids need to hold person else to take attention of them, possibly move places, and along with that, they leave their schooling and friends behind. Some siblings even get separated and are assigned to different carers or defenders. If they are sent to be cared for by their grandparents, these carers may be excessively old or ill to take attention of them and they may non hold the available resources to back up the kids s demands. They may besides be covering with holding a boy or girl in gaol and being burdened to care for the kids he or she has left for them to care for ( Simmons, 2003 ) . Effectss on Children The impact of a parent s captivity can turn out to be lay waste toing on the kids. Their reactions to such traumatic experience may do them much sadness, irritation, anxiousness and a deep sense of loss ( Robertson, 2007 ) . Many writers have found that there are increased hazards to their development ( Dallaire, 2007 ; Myers et al. , 1999 ; Thompson A ; Harm, 2000 ) . Strong negative emotions such as self-blame, rejection, guilt and feelings of misrepresentation may take to instability and insecurity on the portion of the kids ( Payne, 1997 ; Miller, 2002 ) . If the kids have non been exposed to good function theoretical accounts showing appropriate behaviors, it is likely that after a parent s captivity, negative effects on the kids may come up and bring mayhem in their development. Such effects could be riotous inclinations in school, mental wellness issues, substance abuse, underachievement in school and even condemnable behavior ( Murray and Farrngton, 2008 ) . Broidy et Al. ( 2003 ) point to the separation of the carer, poorness and low academic accomplishment to be the likely causes that lead such kids to develop abnormal psychology and engagement in condemnable behavior ( Sameroff et al. , 2003 ; Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System, 2003 ) . Wright A ; Seymour ( 2000 ) found that parental captivity besides brings about fear, apprehensiveness, melancholy, regressive behavior and physical and wellness jobs to kids. Upon self-contemplation, these kids may besides believe that they have done something incorrect to do their parent to be imprisoned, and such self-blame may lend to their feelings of rage, embarrassment, incrimination and solitariness ( Cunningham, 2001 ) . Such negative effects may emerge due to the several injury experienced by kids related to their parent s imprisonment which may include the painful and sudden separation between parent and kid, the kid s consciousness of their parent s criminalism, the poorness that consequences from being left without a parent deducing income from a occupation, the societal stigma that comes with holding a parent in gaol and the anxiousness experienced at trying to continue their contact with the captive parent ( Murray A ; Farrington, 2008 ) . Not all kids experience the negative impact of their parent s imprisonment. For some, particularly those who have been involved in domestic force or kid maltreatment, it may be a cause of alleviation ( Brown, 2002 ) . If the parent led a disruptive or helter-skelter life due to drug usage, intoxicant maltreatment or engagement in illegal dialogues, so there is more stableness in the kids s lives when the parent is arrested ( Robertson, 2007 ) . If the kid had small contact with the parent prior to the captivity so the impact could be minimum. The reaction to the imprisonment among siblings may besides be different as older kids may experience that they have the added duty of caring for the younger kids so they have to be strong for them while the younger kids may hold trouble in set uping unafraid relationships with others due to their inability to understand what happened to their household. The difference in reactions may besides be due to the different relationships and degree of familiarity shared with the captive parent or merely a difference in the siblings attitudes and personalities ( Robertson, 2007 ) . Consequence of Time of Imprisonment Before Imprisonment: Apprehension: Witnessing a parent being arrested may be one of the most traumatic experiences a kid could hold particularly if the apprehension was hostile. Bernstein ( 2005 ) studies that about 70 % of kids of captive parents in the USA watched their parent being handcuffed and 30 % were confronted with arms. The idea of collaring the suspect in the late eventide or early forenoon when he or she is likely to be place makes it more prone to kids to witness the apprehension since they are besides place with their parents at those times. However, Robertson ( 2007 ) believes that if the apprehension is handled sensitively, sing the feelings of the kids and other household members, so it may ease the hurting and even increase the regard for the functionaries by the kids. For kids who were non cognizant of their parent apprehension are left without clear information about what transpired and may conceive of the worst sing the status of their parents and worry if they will of all time see them once more ( Wolleswinkel, 2002: Children of Prisoners Library, 2003 ) . A great concern is what happens to the kids if they are left on their ain after their parents are arrested. It is the duty of the collaring officer to see the kids s public assistance, like to whom they will be left to be cared for and explicating to them particularly the younger kids what will go on to them and their parents ( Robertson, 2007 ) . This calms everyone s anxiousness as kids and their parents are assured that they will non be left entirely, and the collaring officers gain a more positive image in the eyes of the kids alternatively of being seen as the enemy ( Bernstein, 2005 ; Kingi, 2000 ) . Pre-trial Detention: The period after apprehension and before strong belief is the first clip kids adjust to populating without their parent. It is when they experience troubles due to alterations in their life style such as non holding their parent cook their nutrient or convey them to school. The slow instance processs may lengthen the waiting period impacting both parent and kids adversely. Parents may lose their occupations, thereby losing income for the household and kids become in a province of concern about what will go on to their parents and finally, to them, because of the separation. ( Robertson, 2007 ) . Ongoing probe before concluding strong belief may forestall detainees from holding contact with the outside universe and that includes the detainee s household ( Townhead, 2007 ) . This may impact the keeping of contact between parent and kids impacting their relationship. Trial and Sentencing: Childs have the opportunity to see their parents during the test if they are allowed by the tribunals to be present at that place. If they are non allowed to go to the legal proceedings, it farther adds to their sense of disaffection from what is go oning to their parent. For those who get the opportunity to go to the test, they may happen it hard to grok the instance due to the strangeness of the linguistic communication and procedures used ( Murray, 2007 ) . Expecting the tribunal determination can be particularly nerve-racking for the household because of the uncertainness of what will go on to the parent. Should the parent be found guilty, it may floor the kids and be disillusioned with the fact that separation may be lasting or at the least, prolonged ( Children of Prisoners Library, 2003 ) . During Imprisonment Retaining parent-child relationships: Imprisonment can do the keeping of parent-child relationships really hard due to the care of regular contact. When prison trials are allowed, they are normally brief and the quality of interaction between the parent and kid, inadequate. By this clip, dealingss may be strained due to the stigma and shame associated with holding an captive parent ( Robertson, 2007 ) . Restrictions on direct contact between kids and their captive parent include prison ordinances, distance between the place and the prison installation or the reluctance of one party to see the other. Most of the clip, indirect contact via mail or telephone calls, if available are merely relied upon. Prison ordinances, distances to be travelled, viing demands on household members or unwillingness on the portion of one or other party to run into can forestall or restrict direct contact between kids and their captive parents. Most of the clip, indirect communicating in the signifier of letters and telephone calls ( if available ) must be relied upon. Access to internet communicating is non widely available and some legal powers even ban it for security grounds ( Robertson, 2007 ) . Keeping positive dealingss between kids and their captive parent will depend on the quality of relationship they shared before imprisonment and the present grade of willingness each party has to go on their relationship. Fundss may besides impede such care since household budgets normally shrink when a parent, who is the breadwinner all of a sudden stops working due to imprisonment. There might non be adequate financess for phone calls, gasolene or menu to see the captive parent. In any instance, kids should be consulted as to how much they still want to keep the relationship and to what extent. Their public assistance should be of extreme consideration ( Robertson, 2007 ) . In installations where phone calls are allowed and where captive parents and their kids on a regular basis talk to each other vial calls, positive results are observed. Parents adjust better to prison life and the kids learn to get by better with the separation with more contact with their captive parent ( Murray, 2005 ) . Some prison installations provide livelihood undertakings to parents in prison such as some prisons at San Vittore, Italy. Imprisoned female parents are allowed to do relational objects for their kids to assist them keep the mother-child relationship ( Robertson, 2007 ) . Another survey, conducted by Gabel and Schindledecker ( 1995 ) , demonstrated that the boies of captive parents are more aggressive than other kids. Girls seemingly have more of a leaning to attending shortage jobs ( ibid. ; besides Sack, 1977 ) . The literature besides shows a strong relation between parental absences and future delinquency on kids ( Larzelere A ; Patterson, 1990 ) . Children frequently present emotional and psychological effects of holding a female parent in gaol, such as the injury of separation and stigma ( Seymour, 1998 ; Simmons, 2000 ) . Where the captivity is one of a series of consecutive separation or breaks in the relationship between female parent and kid, nevertheless, and the kid is more accustomed to these, the impact is likely to be much slighter ( Johnston, 1995a ) . Problems with destabilization and break are frequent in kids of incarcerated female parents ( Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System, 2003 ) . Some writers recommend that it is really of import for incarcerated female parents to presume duty of their kids after their release ( Prendergast et al. , 1995 ) . However, this does non ever occur. For case, if the kid has been placed in surrogate attention or province detention, the chance of the female parent demonstrating after release that she is capable of taking attention of the kids is reduced ( Pollock-Byrne, 1992 ) . Resilient Children There are many definitions of resiliency, although all of them portion the thought of a successful version in people who had experienced an inauspicious state of affairs ( Haz et al. , 2003 ) , or the ability to retrieve from hardships ( Newman A ; Blackburn, 2002 ) . These definitions are corroborated by others writers such Masten and co-workers ( 1990 ) , and Luthar and Cicchetti ( 2000 ) . Another definition is given by Garmezy ( 1991, p. 4 ) , which refers to the care of competent working despite an meddlesome emotionalism . Grotberg ( 1996a ) describes resiliency as an ability which allows person to avoid, cut down or get the better of the harmful effects of hardship. Resilience could be found in a human being, society or group. It is non associated merely to a individual hardship, because it can be developed to pull off future hardships better ( Grotberg, 1996b ) . Garmezy ( 1993 ) gives us another definition of resiliency, as the single ability to set decently, positively o r experiencing competent, despite being at serious hazard. Newman and Blackburn ( 2002 ) besides give a definition for resiliency, but for kids. They say that resilient kids are more capable of facing emphasis, of pull offing alteration and indecisiveness, and recover more rapidly and exhaustively from upseting incidents. Initially, the definition of resiliency was merely associated with a individual with a positive accommodation to adverse state of affairss ( Rutter, 1987 ) , but at that clip the definition was besides applied to the household ( Allison et al. , 2003 ; Hanson, 2001 ; McCubbin A ; McCubbin, 1996 ; Walsh, 2002 ) . In resiliency, when the household is confronting a challenge, they have to cover with those jobs and seek to better and hold the capableness to get the better of the crises ( Black A ; Lobo, 2008 ) . Besides the fact of lasting the hardship, the resilient household besides seems to hold a higher chance of developing, increasing and being more capable to work out future inauspicious state of affairss ( Walsh, 1998 ) . Together, they were capable of get the better ofing the job ( Black A ; Lobo, 2008 ) . Black and Lobo ( 2008 ) mentioned that, although there is non any cosmopolitan list of protective and recovery factors, the literature distinguishes some of them as follows: optimistic attitude, spiritualty, household component harmoniousness, flexibleness, communicating, good economic disposal, clip together, common leisure involvements, imposts and wonts, and societal support. Resilience in a household could be reached by flexibleness, common support and counsel, and cooperation ( Walsh, 2002 ) . For a resilient household, it is besides of import to develop support intercessions, such as rearing instruction focused in capableness and job declaration ( Rutter, 1999 ) . Childs who have gone through hardship should be given good societal support ; entire support from at least one parent or replacement ; good experiences at school ; a strong perceptual experience of capacity and assurance ; capacity to assist others ; prosecute in disputing state of affairss in a manner to let them to develop problem-solving, emotional and get bying accomplishments, and other extracurricular activities that allow the kids to develop their capacities and emotional adulthood ( Newman A ; Blackburn, 2002 ) . A dedicated individual outside the household ( ibid. ) and a good societal connexion with, for illustration a instructor, could besides be a good protective factor, particularly for striplings ( Burton A ; Marshall, 2005 ) . Adolescents must be involved in their societies, households and schools in a manner to forestall or even diminish the chance of going involved in condemnable behavior ( Burton A ; Marshall, 2005 ) . However, Burton and Marshall found a strong relationship between prosecuting in featuring activities and engagement in aggressive behavior in immature people. They found that featuring activity is non a protective factor but could so run as a hazard factor ( ibid. ; besides Watkins 2000 ) . Eccles and Barber ( 1999 ) said that extracurricular activities may let the striplings to be involved and occupied in a manner to forestall them from prosecuting in delinquent behavior. However, they besides said it is necessary to stipulate the type of activity. They found that when the extracurricular activity is pro-social, such as volunteering or church, the chance of an adolescent going involved in condemnable behavior is lower. In activities such as athleticss, the chance of developing imbibing jobs is really high ( ibid. ) . Other protective factors could be the accomplishment of respectable societal functions, the aptitude to lend to the family fundss and educational achievement ( Newman A ; Blackburn, 2002 ) . Beam and co-workers ( 2002 ) verified that when the striplings have fondness and support from others, they will be protected from prosecuting in condemnable behavior. Extra defenders include swearing relationships ; good emotional support ( Brooks, 1992 ) ; self-esteem ( Wolin A ; Wolin, 1993 ) ; support for being independent ( Segal A ; Yahras, 1988 ) ; hope ; perceptual experience of being loved ( Mrazek A ; Mrazek, 1987 ) ; school accomplishment ( Wang, Haertel A ; Walberg, 1994 ) ; faith in God ( Garbarino, Kostelny A ; Dubrow, 1993 ) ; and unquestioning love from another individual ( Bronfenbrenner, 1996 ) . Osborn ( 1990 ) added that a female parent with a positive mentality tends to hold more resilient kids, while female parents with negative feelings tend to hold depressed kids. Karp ( 2007 ) noted that when a kid has a parent in gaol, it is of import that instructors and the school societal workers are sensitive to the jobs and to the feelings of the kids, while at same clip being witting of the support that the kids could necessitate. For that ground, schools should hold programmes for the kids that enable them to portion their jobs with other kids and to understand that others have similar jobs ( ibid. ) . Children of incarcerated parents are more vulnerable, particularly the kids of incarcerated female parents who are considered as kids at higher hazard ( National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 2004 ) . Some factors could chair the impact of the parental imprisonment, but the most important forecaster of the manner the kids will set to the separation is the quality of the relationship they had with both parents ( Parke A ; Clark-Stewart, 2002 ) . Another of import factor for a good accommodation is the frequence of contact they have with their captiv e parents ( Parke A ; Clark-Stewart, 2002 ) . Method of Data Analysis Contributions to Literature Review Chapter 4 Analysis and Findingss Chapter 5 Discussion of Findingss Theories associating to this research ( Attachment and societal acquisition theories ) Chapter 6 Deduction for societal work pattern What I have learned from making this research Restriction of the survey Recommendations Decision

Choose one of the following Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Choose one of the following - Assignment Example Keyser, with the ship and crew, had left Smith at the second to last port which was why Smith had brought the case to court. While these issues were dealt with, the issue of both men killing and stealing Negroes in Africa was ignored. â€Å"In 1645, Richard Saltonstall petitioned the General Court that justice be done on Smith and Keyser for murder and man stealing. The court ordered the release of the two Negro slaves but apart from that, the case was not pursued† (Winthrop). This is a perfect example of form over substance. On paper, the court was right in its decision. The Negro slaves that were on their land were given back their liberty, while Keyser and Smith’s actions in Africa could not be pursued; it was out of the court’s jurisdiction. The â€Å"form† of the matter had been dealt with. But yet again, society chose to look at the form of the matter rather than the substance. Keyser and Smith both committed heinous crimes but as the Statute allowed enslavement, the matter was dealt with an ignorant

Maths Coursework Investigating Borders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maths Coursework Investigating Borders - Essay Example Here we observe that the second row gives the number of white squares added at each level, and the third row is a constant, that is, 4. Now we will first find the formula for the white squares and after that the formula for the total squares. Subtracting from the total squares the number of white squares we will get the number of black squares. Let us find the pattern in counting all the squares. In Pattern 1 we can see first two rows contain 1+3=4 squares. If we consider the last two rows then they also contain 1+3=4 squares. We are counting the three squares in the middle row two times so we have to subtract them from the total to get the total number of squares in the pattern. So we get In Pattern 2 the first three rows contain 1+3+5=9 squares. Similarly the last three rows contain 9 squares. We are counting the five squares in the middle row two times so we have to subtract them to get the total number of squares in the pattern. So we

The past world expo economy influence and effect on property market in Essay

The past world expo economy influence and effect on property market in previous host cities and countries - Essay Example The first of such exhibition was held in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London in 1851. It was named at that time as â€Å"the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations† and rightly so because this exhibition celebrated the coming of age of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Thus the 1851 Great Exhibition was not only a trade fair but also a display of scientific, industrial and technological inventions. Queen Victoria’s consort, Prince Albert, possibly did not foresee that what he conceptualised would become today’s third grandest event after the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games, considering its impact on culture, on society and the nation’s economies. Today, the World Expo has come a long way. It is not only a trade fair and a showcase of new scientific and technological advances and inventions but it is also a means of promoting cultural correspondence and transfer and a way of finding solutions to issues that hound humanity. Moreover, it becomes a platform of presenting a strong national image before the whole world. In other words, it affords countries to advertise their assets and perceived advantages over other nations. The pavilions that each country construct have become competitive in terms of lavishness, splendor, magnificence and cost. There is a contest as to who builds the most stunning and most memorable pavilion. So many World Expo historians are of the opinion that the geodesic dome of the US pavilion in the 1967 expo in Montreal, Canada is the most memeorable and the glass and iron Crystal Palce of UK in the 1851 World’s Fair in London as the most imposing. In each world expo, all countries try to express s ome theme via its architectural design and the contents of its pavilion Thus each World Expo is characterised by glitter, glamour, visions and images (Maddox 2004, p. 79). The

Psychology Theories of Motivation

Psychology Theories of Motivation The evolution of motivation PART 1 – BRAIN PARTS IN EVOLUTION Human motivation is a psychological construct that has its basis in the brain. The brain is an organ comprised of nervous cells and comprises the nervous system in most organisms, with the exception of certain invertebrates. One view suggests that different parts of the brain are specialized for different functions. Being the most complex organ in a vertebrate’s body, the brain has been associated with several functions. Among these, the brain is responsible for perception, motor control, information processing, but it also has more complex functions for the human species, those of learning and memory. One particularly interesting function of the brain is that of motivation. Motivation is frequently associated with the limbic system. Often called the â€Å"reptilian brain†, the limbic system also accounts for other functions, such as spatial memory, olfaction, learning and emotion. This brain structure is located on both sides of the thalamus, under the cerebrum and is comprised of the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon. The structures include other numerous areas, among which the hippocampus (memory and spatial navigation), the amygdala (emotions) [LeDoux, 2000]., the olfactory bulbs (processing social and environmental stimuli) and the basal ganglion are contained. The basal ganglion is being associated with motivation, due to its role in reward-punishment process. The basal ganglia are located at the base of the forebrain, representing a set of interconnected areas. Looking at motivation from an evolutionary perspective, it is argued that organisms’ behavior is genetically programmed to ensure survival and reproductive fitness. It is argued that his motivational system of the brain is the basis for the motivational behaviors in which organisms’ engage. Some scholars (Paul D. MacLean) argued that the limbic system is the oldest part of the fore-brain, developing to manage the flight or fight response. When looking at the evolution of brain components, it is important to consider the fact that evolution is selecting on function. This process is mediated by the metabolic cost of the behavioral function. Developmental demands need to come to a certain compromise with developmental variation in order to ensure a positive outcome in terms of function and costs. The limbic system is thus seen as a â€Å"unit of development† due to its patterned change in the compromises taken. Some evidence supports the view that the limbic system is a unit of development [Reep, 1984; Squire, 1992; LeDoux, 2000]. The limbic system has a diversity of functions; however, it acts statistically as a single function. The components of the segmental structures of the forebrain are linked, offering the possibility of a pleiotropic effect on the evolution of behaviour. Thus, it would mean that selecting for one component would mean selecting for all of them. For instance, selecting for a visual component in humans would result for a certain election of structures utilised for different functions, such as motivation. The authors looked at how the scale of the limbic system changed throughout time. They found similar patterns of scaling across all taxa. For primates, insectivores, ungulate and marine mammals, reduced limbic structures were associated with increased volumes of the isocortex. One possible cause explaining this was suggested. They argued that the† expansion and contraction of the domains of regulatory gene expression† which is associated with prosomeres could be a source of such structure. In primates in particularly, the arrangement of neural components by prosomeres suggest the possibility of the inverse relationships between limbic system and isocortex volumes. Put how the limbic system actually decreased Another way one could understand the evolution of the primate brain would be to consider the trade-offs between factors. There has been a reduction in the primate limbic system which could be attributed to a reduction of the olfactory system because of the dependence primates have on vision. Another explanation could be that this reduction is secondary to another adaptation; that of expansion of cortical systems specialised in memory. This unfortunate decrease in the limbic system could be only a minor side effect for the beneficial adaptation the increase of the cortex has brought- storage of long-term memory mediating increasingly social interactions. An evolutionary look at how the structure and function of the basal ganglia changed with time passage shows that it underwent a big elaboration in the transition from amphibians to reptiles. This change consisted in the increase of cells in the basal ganglia, as well as receiving more dopaminergic and serotonergic inputs (hormones). Moreover, more neural circuitry (neuron rich) basal ganglia were found in modern mammals, birds and reptiles. The implications of this change are that amniotes might have had the ability to learn or execute more sophisticated behaviours and movements. This ability could be what allowed the amniotes to better adapt to a fully terrestrial habitat. As for the mammals, it appears that a divergence from this reptile lineage represented by the emergence of the cerebral cortex which became the target of the basal ganglia circuitry’s function in the control of movement. Thus, rudimentary basal ganglia are likely to have been present in the common ancestor of the jawed and jawless vertebrates that live today. The implications of this increase in complexity of the brain can be seen in the behaviour repertoires of animals. The reptiles and mammals have a more complex behaviour than amniotes. This alongside the shift in habitat brought in the need to deal with more complex and variable situations, requiring more complex and adaptive behaviour in order to acquire food, avoid predators and survive. These changes were promoted by the increase in the visual and hearing apparatus -> allowed for more control over behaviour.  Conenct back to motivation – how did the decrease in limbic system affect motivation? Because there is a high interconnectedness between the limbic system and the cerebral cortex, cognitive processes can modify the effect of the limbic system on the functions of the hypothalamus (hormone production), which plays a role in the reward-punishment process – the basis for motivational behavior. The basal ganglia receive information about the body position and motivational state from the cerebral cortex – integrates this information and facilitates for the appropriate (motor) behavior. The role of the basal ganglia in motivated behavior has been explained by Cunha et. al (2012). It consists of the basal ganglia selecting for unconditioned/conditioned responses, goal-directed actions and stimulus-response habits. This is done by the activation of striatal neurons (input neurons of the basal ganglia) by cortical and subcortical neurons encoding those processes. Levels of extracellular dopamine influence the strength of the synapses which signal outcomes that are better or worse than â€Å"expected†. Moreover, the dopamine release in response to the unconditioned/conditioned responses can â€Å"energize† the execution of selected actions. This is why the basal ganglia is thought to play a role in the selection of action processes that are needed to express unconscious and long-term memories, which play a role in motivation. PART 2 – PERSPECTIVES ON MOTIVATION The biological thus shows what the basis of motivation is. It does not, however, explain the cognitive aspect of it. Several attempts to model and explain motivation from an evolutionary psychological way have been proposed. There are different perspectives taken in the study of motivation. Behavioral, cognitive and biological. Art 9 ->Batali and Grundy (1996)  tried to present a model of the evolution of motivation by referring to how they could become integrated into generational adaptive behavior, they tries to establish how the innate and learned components of the motivational mechanisms that generate behavior are connected. They used the concept of motivational system to investigate this process. A motivation system, for them, is the mechanism that allows an organism to feel pleasure and pain as responses to certain environmental conditions; pleasure in response to conditions that are beneficial for the organism’s fitness and pain in adverse conditions. What they argue is that this motivational system evolves alongside the behaviors evaluated by it. They used James Mark Baldwin’s idea through which he argued that an organism’s ability to undergo ontogenetic adaptation, through which the congenital and phylogenetic adaptation that are kept in existence are those which favor adapti ve modifications during the lifetime of organisms which have them. This is how various ontogenetic modes of action, such as learning, can work in synergy with evolution. Thus, organisms that have the ability to learn are more likely to improve their behavior, which in turn offers them an advantage over others. Possessing the improvements that learning offers can result in selection of organisms that carry those traits innately. This is how, he argues, species can evolve in directions endorsed by intelligence. This proposition is similar to Throndike’s â€Å"law of effect†, in which he suggested that animals will repeat the actions that have the most satisfying outcomes and avoid the ones that are displeasing. The mechanism that offers the possibility of feeling this pleasure and pain is the motivation system. This system can also be involved in the process of selecting actions which are expected to be favorably appraised. Evaluations depend on physiological and environ mental factors. Subtle changes in any characteristics of the environment or animal physiology can have drastic impacts on fitness. The authors of this article tried, thus, to model motivation using different complexity world simulations of the evolution of populations that contained designs that generated action and learning. Their findings showed that some organisms developed motivation systems that were accurate enough to direct learning in a direction that increases the fitness of actions performed by the agents. Moreover, their results showed that the motivation systems were attuned to the worlds they were a part of. The systematic distortions present in the worlds could be seen in the structure of the motivational system in such way that the distortions increased the adaptiveness of the generated behaviour. These results show how simple designs can be used to model motivation, implying that the complicated perspective in motivation of the cognitive perspective is somewhat unnecessary. Thus, members of population that incorporated learning tended to evolve more quickly and have higher performance than the organisms whose behaviour was innate. The adaptive behaviour that early generations must learn had the tendency to become more and more innate. This process occurs when there is an evolved motivational system that directs the learning of structures used to cause actions. All in all, this study showed that motivational systems can coevolve with the learning of the behaviours it assesses. =>cognition and motivation: Evidence for the co-evolution of motivation and cognition was found by Ermer et al. (2008)  when investigating whether status plays a role in regulating risky decision-making regarding resources in men. They discussed how access to relevant resources brings about intersexual competition in men, which also serves as a determinant for status. What they discovered was that motivation for risk-taking behaviour appeared in situations where men were of equal status and had resource loss problems. This suggests that the motivational systems that mediate status related problems in the social world also regulate cognitive operations which generate risky decision-making processes in men, implying that motivational and cognitive mechanisms co-evolved to function in synergetic, domain-specific ways. The motivation’s role in this process is to determine what state or good an individual wants to attain – it refers to their aspirations. The controversial point of this finding is that instead of desires or other motivations serving as inputs for domain-general decision regulations, it proposes that responses are produced by a motivational system that is specialized in regulating competitive interactions, being equipped with its own decision rules. It also shows that motivational systems are activated by cues. Another attempt to explain human social motivation from an evolutionary perspective has been done by Buss (1997) through discussing the Terror Management Theory (TMT). Being a theory anchored in evolutionary biology, TMT assumes that the major motive of any organism is survival. What the author argues is that this theory of social motivation should recognize that the engine that drives the evolutionary process is reproduction, and not survival. Thus, it is important to recognise the real causal process of evolution in order to establish what stands behind motivation.

Computers and The Increase of Labor and Wage Inequality in The 1980’s :: History Technology Essays

Computers and The Increase of Labor and Wage Inequality in The 1980’s Although computer technology dates back to at least the 1940’s, microprocessors were first introduced on a wide scale in manufacturing in the 1970’s. It has been noted that mainframe computers started to be used in business in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. Computers have seemed to grow more rapidly ever since the Apple II was born in 1977 and the IBM PC in 1981. PC (personal computers) spread rapidly in the 80’s and 90’s and have been upgrading ever since. It has been said that during this increase in popularity and use of computers the labor inequality and wage difference has been increasing as well. Throughout this paper we will discuss reasons why computers are to blame and why computers have had nothing to do with economic increase of skilled educated workers and a decrease in need for unskilled and uneducated workers. Increase in the growth rate of the demand of more skilled workers due to the pace of the technological work from 1970 to the present has been one of the arguments against computers causing inequality. From the 1970’s the pace of work has been faster, the work load has been greater because demand has gone up, and many jobs have become more difficult to learn. There are no longer mills where education and much knowledge was needed to get the job done. Work has gotten much more involved and complex. The employment of high school drop outs have fallen from 64.4% in 1940 to 9.8% in 1996, and the employment of college graduates have risen from 9.3% to 41.6%. Although computers have been around that whole time there is no way they caused a 54.6% decrease in the employment of high school drop outs. It has also been said that there has been an expansion slowdown from what the country was used to in the beginning half of this century from the 1970’s, so this has allowed companies to pay one educated worker rather than paying two of three uneducated workers that did the same job. Over the years unions have also began to disappear causing some of those unskilled workers how were once protected by contracts to a given union to become no longer demanded. Many of those unskilled workers who escaped being unneeded have noticed a dramatic pay decrease. Many people might think, â€Å"What are you talking about, in the 1940’s they were making like five to ten dollars a day.