HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA - 6273 Words

HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA COURSE OUTLINE 1. Concept and Rationale of History of education 2. A Brief History of Education in Ancient Greek and Roman Empire 3. African Indigenous System of Education/African Traditional Education 4. Islamic Education in Nigeria 5. Christian Missionary/Western Education in Nigeria 6. Nigerian Education Since 1960 THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION There seems to be no universally accepted definition of the word ‘education’. But this is not peculiar with education alone since terms such as Curriculum, Religion, Philosophy etc does not command a particular meaning. This simply means that like the terms mentioned above, education is an amorphous concept since there is no consensus and generally agreed†¦show more content†¦This form of education is usually likened to traditional education. 2. Formal Education: Formal education is the form of education given in schools and colleges or institutions whereby students are organized into groups and classrooms for the purpose of acquiring knowledge from an appointed teacher. The aims and curriculum of this form of education are pre-planned with a designated teacher to expose students to learning experiences. The agencies through which knowledge is acquired in this form of education include Library, Museum, Zoo, Picture Galleries, Lectures and Symposium etc. The evidence to prove that one has acquired this form of education is usually the issuance and acquisition of certificate. 3. Non-Formal: This is an organized and deliberate means of acquiring knowledge but mostly outside the formal school settings. Non-formal education is acquired in trade houses like the carpenter and mechanic workshops, tailor’s shop, hair dressing and barbing salons etc’. It is a kind of master-apprentice relationship whereby the apprentice is expected to acquire certain skills after a period of time. This form of education is more concerned with school-drop-outs, adults and others who are not privileged to acquire formal education. Note that a close examination of the three forms of education reveals that they are all dependent on each other. For instance, formal education builds on the informal knowledge and experiences children have already learnt

American Civil Rights Through The Ages - 1622 Words

American Civil Rights Through The Ages Over the course of history, all across the world there have been countless incidents where one group of people has persecuted another, for little or no reason. One of the worst instances of this happening was in the 1800s in America when people kept thousands of African Americans as slaves. Slavery in the Americas caused Africans Americans to be considered an inferior race for over a century later. For all this time, African Americans were forced into slave labor, then forced to have their own everything such as schools, churches, and even bathrooms. It all started when European traders began buying or kidnapping African Americans from their home villages and shipping them to Europe and the Americas. On the journey, they were starved, beaten, and packed into the bowels of the ship. The captain’s only concern was finding a way to squeeze a few more slaves into the ship to maximize profits. Money was the only thing that mattered. They would spare any expense they thought that they could get away with without killing their precious human cargo. They were only allowed one or two hours on the deck of the ship each day, taken in shifts, so that they wouldn’t be too weak to sell when they got to the new world. Disease was also a large factor. In such tight quarters, in which they would often have to use as a bathroom, disease spread like wildfire through the slaves. If one got sick, then everyone around them would, too. Then,Show MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Civil Liberties And Civil Rights902 Words   |  4 Pages29 September 2017 Civil Rights and Liberties Civil liberties are the essential rights that which gives the freedom of the people guaranteed by the constitution. 2 Right to free speech, Right to privacy, Right to marry, Right to vote, Right to Speech and many more fall under the civil liberties. Generally, civil liberties are the rights that allows people to make their own decisions without any exceptions. Even government cannot hinder the right of people which falls under the civil liberties. SimilarlyRead MoreWhat Does the Government Do in Relation to Civil Rights?660 Words   |  3 PagesGovernment Do in Relation to Civil Rights? With regard to civil rights, the government is supposed to ensure that all United States citizens have equal rights and are fairly represented across multiple areas, including politics, the economy, court hearing, and government programs. Since the Bill of Rights and the Constitution were devised, the government has conducted enacted many changes in an effort to protect the civil rights of American citizens. In particular, civil rights have undergone the mostRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1206 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody’s, â€Å"Coming of Age in Mississippi† is an autobiography of hers that depicts the time of injustice, racial discrimination, oppression and the hardships African Americans dealt with during this time of inequality and how it led to Civil Rights Movement. Anne Moody’s overall life experience since her young age of 4, till her age of 24 of the movement, greatly shows the struggles of the time with uses on her emot ional experiences and her analyzing skills of her time which did not fail to catchRead MoreEssay on Anne Moodys Involvement in the Civil Rights Movement1375 Words   |  6 Pages Coming of Age in Mississippi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi, talked extensively about the civil rights movement that she had participated in. The civil rights movement dealt with numerous issues that many people had not agreed with. Coming of Age in Mississippi gave the reader a first hand look at the efforts many people had done to gain equal rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne Moody, like many other young people, joined the civil rights movement because they wanted to make a difference in theirRead MoreMartin Luther King Vs Malcolm X1436 Words   |  6 Pageschildren in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same.† In fact, American history has had a great deal of leaders that brought change by improving the lives of others. These leaders introduced new ideas, models, and theories to society breaking away from their social norms. Despite the fact, that we’ve had several remarkable individuals in American History it is equally important to remember that no one individual portrays any given event the same way. AlthoughRead MoreA Brief Note On The Civil Rights Movement1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe civil rights movement accomplished much from 1954-1968. Faced with a wall of blatant racism and discrimination activist were still able to fight segregation, get African Americans in the South involved with the voting process, and be a starting point and a model for other social movements later in our country’s history. The most noteworthy parts of this movement are its successes when faced with systemic marginalization and violence. The first accomplishment of the civil rights movement involvedRead MoreMaya Angelou Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesAngelou is an American author who is known for her poetry and novels that lyrically illustrate the experiences of African Americans and also acts as a spokesperson for black pride and heritage (St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture). Although she speaks for people of color, her messages of hope and strength appeal to people of all ages and races. Angelou is best known for her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, in which she recalls herself as a young African American girl finding self-confidenceRead MoreEssay about Martin Luther King Jr.: My Icon, Mentor, and Model1553 Words   |  7 Pages I can recollect that Martin Luther King Jr. is an icon to me, as well as a mentor and a model. I also feel that he is an inspiration and a true leader because of the efforts he made to help African Americans obtain their civil rights in the United States. With Dr. K ing’s influence on me, at the age of 12 and 13, I had performed Martin Luther King speeches, winning 1st place two years in a row at my middle school. Accomplishments that Martin Luther King Jr. has achieved brought a new perspectiveRead MoreThe Courage Of Rosa Parks1566 Words   |  7 PagesParks) Rosa Parks was tired of the way African Americans were poorly treated. She took a stand by not obeying a demand to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery bus. Because of her bold action she became a model to millions. Parks was an African American woman who became known for her bravery, which helped to change the nation. ‘’Parks spent most of her life fighting for desegregation, voting rights, and was active in the civil Right Movement that has changed social code in the U.SRead MoreThe American Concept Of Freedom1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe American concept of freedom is a constant source of debate. There is a difference in perspective, in expectati on, in allowable expression of said freedoms within the confines of a mutually agreed upon societal contract as defined by legislation. The extremes define boundaries set by anarchy with total freedom and gulag like conditions with no freedom. Following the Civil War, during Reconstruction, the perspective of a share cropper may well have been that there was little to the idea of American

Online Gaming Positive and Negative Aspects

Question: Describe about the Online Gaming for Positive and Negative Aspects. Answer: Introduction Internet and technology have brought a number of advancements in various sectors and gaming is one such sector that has experienced major transformations due to the same. Online gaming has managed to become a preferred mode of entertainment for people of varied age groups including kids, teenagers and adults. There are online games that are now available for users for free of cost and the advanced level comes at an affordable cost. There are positive and negative aspects that are associated with the online gaming. Harmonious Passion in Online Gaming There are various forms of passion that may be associated with a particular activity. Harmonious passion is a kind of passion that makes sure that the activity which is online gaming in this case does not conflict with any other activity. Online gaming has emerged as a source of entertainment for the players and they ensure that they make some time during the day reserved for the same. The activity and the passion that is involved with the same comes out to have a positive impact on the mind of the player as long as the passion does not turn in to obsessive passion, addiction and craving. Positive Aspects of Online Gaming Education and General Knowledge There are various categories of online games that are present for the users and can be easily downloaded and installed. One such category of games is education and general knowledge games. These games assist parents to easily educate their children with an activity that does not appear to be regular classroom tuition and likewise. These games act as a mode of entertainment for the kids and the information that is present within the games add to their knowledge as well. For instance, there are games that are developed on the concepts of primary mathematics that has got various levels present one after the other. The user will be allowed to move to the next level only if he/she succeeds in clearing the one prior to it. The levels comprise of basic mathematics operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and likewise presented over an interactive user interface. The game enhanced the mathematical knowledge of the kids along with their mental ability and awareness. There are also hints and assistance included in the game to make the kids learn about the mathematical techniques. Similar games on other subjects and general knowledge such as quiz games and likewise are also available for the users (Frank, Sanbou and Terashima, 2016). Typing Skills There are also games that can measure and improve the typing skills of the users. Computer systems are essential in the present era in every field and it is necessary to have decent typing speed and skills to make proper utilization of the same. Online gaming has provided a solution to enhance this skill of the users by providing attractive interface to type on and remember the keys on the particular keyboard that is used for the same. These games display the typing speed, errors and various associated details and also comprise of difficulty levels as easy, medium and complex which provide a time based challenge to the users. Regular gaming allows the users to enhance these skills in an easy manner. Communication Skills These are the skill sets that get enhanced with certain online games that can be played by the users. There are games that involve interaction with the various team players and there are also games that have multiple players in one team and multiple teams in one game. The interaction and communication between the teams determine the win or loss in a game. The users therefore make sure that they maintain a required level of communication and the same develops additional necessary skills such as team building, team cooperation and team collaboration as well. Mode of Refreshment The primary motive behind the playing of the online games for the users is to have fun and have a mode of entertainment and refreshment. These games allow the users to refresh their minds of all the stress and tensions of the daily activities. The users get engrossed with the games and indulge in the world of the game for a particular time period. The same has a positive impact on the overall health as it freshens up the mood and creates positive energies. Negative Aspects of Online Gaming There are also some of the negative aspects that are associated with the online games and the same are usually the result of excessive gaming. Obsessive Passion and Addictive Behavior There are scenarios wherein the users get addicted to a particular game and develop an obsessive passion for the same. It is a result of excessive playing and the same leads to avoidance and conflict with the other routine activities. The addictive behavior also takes a toll on the studies and associated activities for the kids as they get indulged in the online gaming at all times. Instances wherein the users do not get the desired share of time to play the games result in cravings which is not beneficial for the human health (Stoeber et al., 2011). Negative Social Impacts There are a number of negative impacts associated with the social aspects associated with the online games. There are negative social impacts that result out of indulgence in the online games. The kids in the present era keep themselves busy in the world of online games and do not go out playing with other kids in the society. The same leads the inability in them to develop the social skills that are extremely essential part of life. There are also decreased social interactions and activities that are seen among the teenagers and adults resulting out of the online games and indulgence in the same. Social skills allow the individual to have an interactive session with the fellow members and are extremely essential for the overall personality development of the individual. Online gaming takes a negative toll in this regard by preventing the users to develop such skills. Social isolation is the result of the prolonged and excessive gaming (Kowert et al., 2014). Health Hazards There are numerous health hazards that are associated with increased online gaming for people of all age groups. First and the foremost is the impact on the eyes of the individual that results out of online gaming. The eyesight deteriorates along with other related problems such as irritation and itching in the eyes. There are also a number of other health issues that result out of online gaming on the physical health of the person. Physical activity and fitness is essential and shall be incorporated in the daily routine. Online gaming prevents the individuals to perform physical activities and makes them stuck to the couch or chairs that result in various health issues such as obesity and many others leading to some of the extremely severe health impacts (Stetina et al., 2010). Negative Psychological Impacts There are a number of aspects that are associated with online gaming such as use of sound, peer pressure, fun, score and many others. Players tend to get emotionally involved with the games and the same has an impact on the mind and body leading to a number of psychological impacts. The loss in the game leads to a state of sadness which also becomes depression in certain cases. The combination of audio and visual effects present in the games determine the human behavior as well that leads to some of the negative psychological impacts (Kowert et al., 2014). Ethical Issues leading to Negative Impacts There are a number of ethical issues that are involved with the online games in terms of the category and content present in the game. The developers at times do not take care of the type of content that they should incorporate in the games and also the accessibility of the same is not controlled leading to their usage by the individuals belonging to the minor age group. Usage of such games by the kids and minors is a violation of ethical practices that takes a toll on the mental and psychological abilities of the users (Albrecht, Michael and Michael, 2016). Security Risks in Online Gaming With the increase in the number and ease of accessibility of the online games along with the increase of the usage of the same leads to a number of security risks associated with the games. The attackers succeed in obtaining personal information associated with the users through unauthorized manners which leads to the violation of the confidentiality, privacy and integrity of the same. There are also apps that need to be purchased or involve in-app purchases. Attackers also get hold of the payment information of the users that can have extremely severe impacts. These security risks can also lead to the deterioration of the reputation of the developers and the organization that provides these games to the users. The customer base and market shares also therefore come down as a result of these risks. These security risks primarily involve availability risks, integrity risks and confidentiality attacks such as denial of service attacks, media alteration, phishing attacks, scams, malware attacks and many others. There are also some of the games that determine the user location and the attackers acquire the same for executing physical security attacks such as stealing of device or harm to the device owner. Countermeasures to Security Risks There are a number of measures that the users and the game developers shall take to minimize these security risks. The users shall not click on any suspicious links and shall consider the reviews and comments before downloading a particular game. The payment processes must be carried out in a secure environment and the device must always be kept protected with the anti-virus and other anti malware packages. The developers must install security mechanisms in the games during the development of the same in order to protect the information of the users. Conclusion Online gaming is an activity that has been developed as a source of entertainment for the users. The usage and incorporation of the same in daily activities shall therefore be restricted so that the same does not turn in to a hazard or result in negative impacts. There are numerous positives that are associated with the games and the same shall be maintained all throughout. There shall also be monitoring and control applied by the parents to prevent the children from excessive usage and addiction. References Albrecht, K., Michael, M. and Michael, K. (2016). The Dark Side of Video Games. 1st ed. Frank, I., Sanbou, N. and Terashima, K. (2016). Some Positive Effects of Online Gaming . 1st ed. Hakodate: Future University Hakodate. Kowert, R., Domahidi, E., Festl, R. and Quandt, T. (2014). Social gaming, lonely life? The impact of digital game play on adolescents social circles. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Kowert, R., Vogelgesang, J., Festl, R. and Quandt, T. (2014). Psychosocial causes and consequences of online video game play. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Stetina, B., Kothgassner, O., Lehenbauer, M. and Kryspin-Exner, I. (2010). Beyond the fascination of online-games: Probing addictive behavior and depression in the world of online-gaming. 1st ed. [ebook] Vienna: University of Vienna, Austria. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Stoeber, J., Harvey, M., Ward, J. and Childs, J. (2011). Passion, craving, and affect in online gaming: Predicting how gamers feel when playing and when prevented from playing. 1st ed. [ebook] Kent: University of Kent, Canterbury. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/paid [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016].

Online Gaming Positive and Negative Aspects

Question: Describe about the Online Gaming for Positive and Negative Aspects. Answer: Introduction Internet and technology have brought a number of advancements in various sectors and gaming is one such sector that has experienced major transformations due to the same. Online gaming has managed to become a preferred mode of entertainment for people of varied age groups including kids, teenagers and adults. There are online games that are now available for users for free of cost and the advanced level comes at an affordable cost. There are positive and negative aspects that are associated with the online gaming. Harmonious Passion in Online Gaming There are various forms of passion that may be associated with a particular activity. Harmonious passion is a kind of passion that makes sure that the activity which is online gaming in this case does not conflict with any other activity. Online gaming has emerged as a source of entertainment for the players and they ensure that they make some time during the day reserved for the same. The activity and the passion that is involved with the same comes out to have a positive impact on the mind of the player as long as the passion does not turn in to obsessive passion, addiction and craving. Positive Aspects of Online Gaming Education and General Knowledge There are various categories of online games that are present for the users and can be easily downloaded and installed. One such category of games is education and general knowledge games. These games assist parents to easily educate their children with an activity that does not appear to be regular classroom tuition and likewise. These games act as a mode of entertainment for the kids and the information that is present within the games add to their knowledge as well. For instance, there are games that are developed on the concepts of primary mathematics that has got various levels present one after the other. The user will be allowed to move to the next level only if he/she succeeds in clearing the one prior to it. The levels comprise of basic mathematics operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and likewise presented over an interactive user interface. The game enhanced the mathematical knowledge of the kids along with their mental ability and awareness. There are also hints and assistance included in the game to make the kids learn about the mathematical techniques. Similar games on other subjects and general knowledge such as quiz games and likewise are also available for the users (Frank, Sanbou and Terashima, 2016). Typing Skills There are also games that can measure and improve the typing skills of the users. Computer systems are essential in the present era in every field and it is necessary to have decent typing speed and skills to make proper utilization of the same. Online gaming has provided a solution to enhance this skill of the users by providing attractive interface to type on and remember the keys on the particular keyboard that is used for the same. These games display the typing speed, errors and various associated details and also comprise of difficulty levels as easy, medium and complex which provide a time based challenge to the users. Regular gaming allows the users to enhance these skills in an easy manner. Communication Skills These are the skill sets that get enhanced with certain online games that can be played by the users. There are games that involve interaction with the various team players and there are also games that have multiple players in one team and multiple teams in one game. The interaction and communication between the teams determine the win or loss in a game. The users therefore make sure that they maintain a required level of communication and the same develops additional necessary skills such as team building, team cooperation and team collaboration as well. Mode of Refreshment The primary motive behind the playing of the online games for the users is to have fun and have a mode of entertainment and refreshment. These games allow the users to refresh their minds of all the stress and tensions of the daily activities. The users get engrossed with the games and indulge in the world of the game for a particular time period. The same has a positive impact on the overall health as it freshens up the mood and creates positive energies. Negative Aspects of Online Gaming There are also some of the negative aspects that are associated with the online games and the same are usually the result of excessive gaming. Obsessive Passion and Addictive Behavior There are scenarios wherein the users get addicted to a particular game and develop an obsessive passion for the same. It is a result of excessive playing and the same leads to avoidance and conflict with the other routine activities. The addictive behavior also takes a toll on the studies and associated activities for the kids as they get indulged in the online gaming at all times. Instances wherein the users do not get the desired share of time to play the games result in cravings which is not beneficial for the human health (Stoeber et al., 2011). Negative Social Impacts There are a number of negative impacts associated with the social aspects associated with the online games. There are negative social impacts that result out of indulgence in the online games. The kids in the present era keep themselves busy in the world of online games and do not go out playing with other kids in the society. The same leads the inability in them to develop the social skills that are extremely essential part of life. There are also decreased social interactions and activities that are seen among the teenagers and adults resulting out of the online games and indulgence in the same. Social skills allow the individual to have an interactive session with the fellow members and are extremely essential for the overall personality development of the individual. Online gaming takes a negative toll in this regard by preventing the users to develop such skills. Social isolation is the result of the prolonged and excessive gaming (Kowert et al., 2014). Health Hazards There are numerous health hazards that are associated with increased online gaming for people of all age groups. First and the foremost is the impact on the eyes of the individual that results out of online gaming. The eyesight deteriorates along with other related problems such as irritation and itching in the eyes. There are also a number of other health issues that result out of online gaming on the physical health of the person. Physical activity and fitness is essential and shall be incorporated in the daily routine. Online gaming prevents the individuals to perform physical activities and makes them stuck to the couch or chairs that result in various health issues such as obesity and many others leading to some of the extremely severe health impacts (Stetina et al., 2010). Negative Psychological Impacts There are a number of aspects that are associated with online gaming such as use of sound, peer pressure, fun, score and many others. Players tend to get emotionally involved with the games and the same has an impact on the mind and body leading to a number of psychological impacts. The loss in the game leads to a state of sadness which also becomes depression in certain cases. The combination of audio and visual effects present in the games determine the human behavior as well that leads to some of the negative psychological impacts (Kowert et al., 2014). Ethical Issues leading to Negative Impacts There are a number of ethical issues that are involved with the online games in terms of the category and content present in the game. The developers at times do not take care of the type of content that they should incorporate in the games and also the accessibility of the same is not controlled leading to their usage by the individuals belonging to the minor age group. Usage of such games by the kids and minors is a violation of ethical practices that takes a toll on the mental and psychological abilities of the users (Albrecht, Michael and Michael, 2016). Security Risks in Online Gaming With the increase in the number and ease of accessibility of the online games along with the increase of the usage of the same leads to a number of security risks associated with the games. The attackers succeed in obtaining personal information associated with the users through unauthorized manners which leads to the violation of the confidentiality, privacy and integrity of the same. There are also apps that need to be purchased or involve in-app purchases. Attackers also get hold of the payment information of the users that can have extremely severe impacts. These security risks can also lead to the deterioration of the reputation of the developers and the organization that provides these games to the users. The customer base and market shares also therefore come down as a result of these risks. These security risks primarily involve availability risks, integrity risks and confidentiality attacks such as denial of service attacks, media alteration, phishing attacks, scams, malware attacks and many others. There are also some of the games that determine the user location and the attackers acquire the same for executing physical security attacks such as stealing of device or harm to the device owner. Countermeasures to Security Risks There are a number of measures that the users and the game developers shall take to minimize these security risks. The users shall not click on any suspicious links and shall consider the reviews and comments before downloading a particular game. The payment processes must be carried out in a secure environment and the device must always be kept protected with the anti-virus and other anti malware packages. The developers must install security mechanisms in the games during the development of the same in order to protect the information of the users. Conclusion Online gaming is an activity that has been developed as a source of entertainment for the users. The usage and incorporation of the same in daily activities shall therefore be restricted so that the same does not turn in to a hazard or result in negative impacts. There are numerous positives that are associated with the games and the same shall be maintained all throughout. There shall also be monitoring and control applied by the parents to prevent the children from excessive usage and addiction. References Albrecht, K., Michael, M. and Michael, K. (2016). The Dark Side of Video Games. 1st ed. Frank, I., Sanbou, N. and Terashima, K. (2016). Some Positive Effects of Online Gaming . 1st ed. Hakodate: Future University Hakodate. Kowert, R., Domahidi, E., Festl, R. and Quandt, T. (2014). Social gaming, lonely life? The impact of digital game play on adolescents social circles. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Kowert, R., Vogelgesang, J., Festl, R. and Quandt, T. (2014). Psychosocial causes and consequences of online video game play. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Stetina, B., Kothgassner, O., Lehenbauer, M. and Kryspin-Exner, I. (2010). Beyond the fascination of online-games: Probing addictive behavior and depression in the world of online-gaming. 1st ed. [ebook] Vienna: University of Vienna, Austria. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Stoeber, J., Harvey, M., Ward, J. and Childs, J. (2011). Passion, craving, and affect in online gaming: Predicting how gamers feel when playing and when prevented from playing. 1st ed. [ebook] Kent: University of Kent, Canterbury. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/paid [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016].

Online Gaming Positive and Negative Aspects

Question: Describe about the Online Gaming for Positive and Negative Aspects. Answer: Introduction Internet and technology have brought a number of advancements in various sectors and gaming is one such sector that has experienced major transformations due to the same. Online gaming has managed to become a preferred mode of entertainment for people of varied age groups including kids, teenagers and adults. There are online games that are now available for users for free of cost and the advanced level comes at an affordable cost. There are positive and negative aspects that are associated with the online gaming. Harmonious Passion in Online Gaming There are various forms of passion that may be associated with a particular activity. Harmonious passion is a kind of passion that makes sure that the activity which is online gaming in this case does not conflict with any other activity. Online gaming has emerged as a source of entertainment for the players and they ensure that they make some time during the day reserved for the same. The activity and the passion that is involved with the same comes out to have a positive impact on the mind of the player as long as the passion does not turn in to obsessive passion, addiction and craving. Positive Aspects of Online Gaming Education and General Knowledge There are various categories of online games that are present for the users and can be easily downloaded and installed. One such category of games is education and general knowledge games. These games assist parents to easily educate their children with an activity that does not appear to be regular classroom tuition and likewise. These games act as a mode of entertainment for the kids and the information that is present within the games add to their knowledge as well. For instance, there are games that are developed on the concepts of primary mathematics that has got various levels present one after the other. The user will be allowed to move to the next level only if he/she succeeds in clearing the one prior to it. The levels comprise of basic mathematics operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and likewise presented over an interactive user interface. The game enhanced the mathematical knowledge of the kids along with their mental ability and awareness. There are also hints and assistance included in the game to make the kids learn about the mathematical techniques. Similar games on other subjects and general knowledge such as quiz games and likewise are also available for the users (Frank, Sanbou and Terashima, 2016). Typing Skills There are also games that can measure and improve the typing skills of the users. Computer systems are essential in the present era in every field and it is necessary to have decent typing speed and skills to make proper utilization of the same. Online gaming has provided a solution to enhance this skill of the users by providing attractive interface to type on and remember the keys on the particular keyboard that is used for the same. These games display the typing speed, errors and various associated details and also comprise of difficulty levels as easy, medium and complex which provide a time based challenge to the users. Regular gaming allows the users to enhance these skills in an easy manner. Communication Skills These are the skill sets that get enhanced with certain online games that can be played by the users. There are games that involve interaction with the various team players and there are also games that have multiple players in one team and multiple teams in one game. The interaction and communication between the teams determine the win or loss in a game. The users therefore make sure that they maintain a required level of communication and the same develops additional necessary skills such as team building, team cooperation and team collaboration as well. Mode of Refreshment The primary motive behind the playing of the online games for the users is to have fun and have a mode of entertainment and refreshment. These games allow the users to refresh their minds of all the stress and tensions of the daily activities. The users get engrossed with the games and indulge in the world of the game for a particular time period. The same has a positive impact on the overall health as it freshens up the mood and creates positive energies. Negative Aspects of Online Gaming There are also some of the negative aspects that are associated with the online games and the same are usually the result of excessive gaming. Obsessive Passion and Addictive Behavior There are scenarios wherein the users get addicted to a particular game and develop an obsessive passion for the same. It is a result of excessive playing and the same leads to avoidance and conflict with the other routine activities. The addictive behavior also takes a toll on the studies and associated activities for the kids as they get indulged in the online gaming at all times. Instances wherein the users do not get the desired share of time to play the games result in cravings which is not beneficial for the human health (Stoeber et al., 2011). Negative Social Impacts There are a number of negative impacts associated with the social aspects associated with the online games. There are negative social impacts that result out of indulgence in the online games. The kids in the present era keep themselves busy in the world of online games and do not go out playing with other kids in the society. The same leads the inability in them to develop the social skills that are extremely essential part of life. There are also decreased social interactions and activities that are seen among the teenagers and adults resulting out of the online games and indulgence in the same. Social skills allow the individual to have an interactive session with the fellow members and are extremely essential for the overall personality development of the individual. Online gaming takes a negative toll in this regard by preventing the users to develop such skills. Social isolation is the result of the prolonged and excessive gaming (Kowert et al., 2014). Health Hazards There are numerous health hazards that are associated with increased online gaming for people of all age groups. First and the foremost is the impact on the eyes of the individual that results out of online gaming. The eyesight deteriorates along with other related problems such as irritation and itching in the eyes. There are also a number of other health issues that result out of online gaming on the physical health of the person. Physical activity and fitness is essential and shall be incorporated in the daily routine. Online gaming prevents the individuals to perform physical activities and makes them stuck to the couch or chairs that result in various health issues such as obesity and many others leading to some of the extremely severe health impacts (Stetina et al., 2010). Negative Psychological Impacts There are a number of aspects that are associated with online gaming such as use of sound, peer pressure, fun, score and many others. Players tend to get emotionally involved with the games and the same has an impact on the mind and body leading to a number of psychological impacts. The loss in the game leads to a state of sadness which also becomes depression in certain cases. The combination of audio and visual effects present in the games determine the human behavior as well that leads to some of the negative psychological impacts (Kowert et al., 2014). Ethical Issues leading to Negative Impacts There are a number of ethical issues that are involved with the online games in terms of the category and content present in the game. The developers at times do not take care of the type of content that they should incorporate in the games and also the accessibility of the same is not controlled leading to their usage by the individuals belonging to the minor age group. Usage of such games by the kids and minors is a violation of ethical practices that takes a toll on the mental and psychological abilities of the users (Albrecht, Michael and Michael, 2016). Security Risks in Online Gaming With the increase in the number and ease of accessibility of the online games along with the increase of the usage of the same leads to a number of security risks associated with the games. The attackers succeed in obtaining personal information associated with the users through unauthorized manners which leads to the violation of the confidentiality, privacy and integrity of the same. There are also apps that need to be purchased or involve in-app purchases. Attackers also get hold of the payment information of the users that can have extremely severe impacts. These security risks can also lead to the deterioration of the reputation of the developers and the organization that provides these games to the users. The customer base and market shares also therefore come down as a result of these risks. These security risks primarily involve availability risks, integrity risks and confidentiality attacks such as denial of service attacks, media alteration, phishing attacks, scams, malware attacks and many others. There are also some of the games that determine the user location and the attackers acquire the same for executing physical security attacks such as stealing of device or harm to the device owner. Countermeasures to Security Risks There are a number of measures that the users and the game developers shall take to minimize these security risks. The users shall not click on any suspicious links and shall consider the reviews and comments before downloading a particular game. The payment processes must be carried out in a secure environment and the device must always be kept protected with the anti-virus and other anti malware packages. The developers must install security mechanisms in the games during the development of the same in order to protect the information of the users. Conclusion Online gaming is an activity that has been developed as a source of entertainment for the users. The usage and incorporation of the same in daily activities shall therefore be restricted so that the same does not turn in to a hazard or result in negative impacts. There are numerous positives that are associated with the games and the same shall be maintained all throughout. There shall also be monitoring and control applied by the parents to prevent the children from excessive usage and addiction. References Albrecht, K., Michael, M. and Michael, K. (2016). The Dark Side of Video Games. 1st ed. Frank, I., Sanbou, N. and Terashima, K. (2016). Some Positive Effects of Online Gaming . 1st ed. Hakodate: Future University Hakodate. Kowert, R., Domahidi, E., Festl, R. and Quandt, T. (2014). Social gaming, lonely life? The impact of digital game play on adolescents social circles. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Kowert, R., Vogelgesang, J., Festl, R. and Quandt, T. (2014). Psychosocial causes and consequences of online video game play. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Stetina, B., Kothgassner, O., Lehenbauer, M. and Kryspin-Exner, I. (2010). Beyond the fascination of online-games: Probing addictive behavior and depression in the world of online-gaming. 1st ed. [ebook] Vienna: University of Vienna, Austria. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh [Accessed 20 Oct. 2016]. Stoeber, J., Harvey, M., Ward, J. and Childs, J. (2011). Passion, craving, and affect in online gaming: Predicting how gamers feel when playing and when prevented from playing. 1st ed. [ebook] Kent: University of Kent, Canterbury. 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